Argemone species are erect, prickly or glabrous, annual, biennial or perennial herbs with yellow lactiferous fluid. It can grow up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in height and has a sticky yellow sap. Bangladesh: Shialkata. Close-up of closed flower of Mexican poppy along with leaves exhibiting a bluish-green (glaucous), almost variegated appearance. There are no common names associated with this taxon. Es sind 20 bis 75 Staubblätter vorhanden. Common Names. Die sechs Kronblätter in zwei Kreisen sind zitronengelb bis orange gefärbt. Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. (important crops in India ) have been reported. Harmful allelopathic effects of Argemone mexicana on germination and seedling vigour of wheat, mustard, fenugreek, sorghum, fingermillet, tomato, cucumber etc. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. Argentina: cardo amarillo. Argemone mucronata Dum.-Cours. Application - has vernacular Full Name Prickly poppy Name Id d7412e8c-7871-4096-8b4f-5dbc34c5e501 According To Nicol, E. R. 1997: Common Names of Plants in New Zealand. TOXIC ONLY IF LARGE QUANTITIES EATEN. Argemone vulgaris Spach. gynophora (Fedde) J. F. Macbr. usage: the herb and flowers are smoked by natives to produce a mild sedating effect. Argemone spinosa Gaterau. (ambiguous synonym) Argemone mexicana f. Leaves are alternate, simple, with spine-tipped lobes and whitish wax that rubs off. Family. (ambiguous synonym) Argemone alba var. ex Steud. Foto n. 332632 - cardo-santo (Argemone mexicana) Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste - Progetto Dryades - Picture by Andrea Moro - Comune di Padova, Orto botanico dell'Università di Padova, PD, Veneto, Italia, - Image licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share-Alike 3.0 License File size: 73113 bytes - Views: 377. Habit: Argemone mexicana grows as an herbaceous annual-biennial to less than 1 m in height. Argemone mexicana var. Four quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids, dehydrocorydalmine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, and oxyberberine, have been isolated from the whole plant of Argemone mexicana. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Er ist weit eingebürgert in den Subtropen, den südlichen und östlichen USA sowie in Süd- und West-Europa. Botanical name: Argemone mexicana Family: Papaveraceae (Poppy family) Mexican Prickly Poppy is a prickly, hairless, branching herb with yellow juice and showy yellow flowers, The Sanskrit name svarnakshiri is given because of the yellow juice (Svarna - Gold; Kshiri - Juice ). [1], Studienergebnisse der Universität Oxford weisen darauf hin, dass Stachelmohn zweimal täglich als Tee getrunken bei akuter Malaria vergleichbar wirksam ist wie eine Artemisinin-kombinierte Standardtherapie (ACT). Der Mexikanische Stachelmohn wird selten als Zierpflanze in Sommerblumenbeeten genutzt, sowie als Ölpflanze. Common Names. Argemone alba Raf. (2013) amapolas del campo The leaves are arranged alternately, are sessile on the stems, and up to 20 cm in length. Argemone arida Rose. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Argemone mexicana'] English: Mexican pricklypoppy; Afrikaans: Geelblom-bloudissel; العربية: أرجمون مكسيكي; অসমীয়া: শিয়ালকাঁটা; বাংলা: শিয়ালকাঁটা; čeština: Pleskanka mexická; Cymraeg: pabi Mecsico; Deutsch: Mexikanischer Stachelmohn; eesti: mehhiko ogamagun; فارسی: Ownbey Assessor: Chuck Chimera Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 22 Questionaire : current 20090513 Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved (Poisonous parts: All parts, seeds). Foto n. 332631 - geelblom-bloudissel (Argemone mexicana) Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste - Progetto Dryades - Picture by Andrea Moro - Comune di Padova, Orto botanico dell'Università di Padova, PD, Veneto, Italia, - Image licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share-Alike 3.0 License File size: 92876 bytes - Views: 384. Argemone spinosa Moench. Das Öl ist aufgrund des Gehalts an Sanguinarin und Dihydrosanguinarin giftig. Immature fruit of Mexican poppy, also with many prickles. Life. Mexikanischer Stachelmohn (Argemone mexicana). Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Category:Argemone mexicana' linked to current category] [edit wikidata 'Argemone mexicana' main topic of 'Category:Argemone mexicana'] English : Mexican pricklypoppy , Mexican prickly poppy, prickly-poppy, yellow-thistle Argemone ochroleuca is a species of prickly poppy, a flowering plant commonly known as pale Mexican prickly poppy or Mexican poppy. leiocarpa Fedde (synonym) : Argemone georgiana Croom (synonym) : Argemone leiocarpa Greene (synonym) : Argemone mexicana var. N.C. EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. Sie messen 6 bis 20 × 3 bis 8 Zentimeter. Es werden stachelige, eiförmige bis längliche Rahmenkapseln gebildet, die viele schwärzliche, etwa 1–2 Millimeter große und rundliche, strukturierte, sowie kurz bespitzte Samen enthalten. Cellular Organisms. Through our studies of kinship and how typical Mexican families function, we find it important to explain how apellidos (last names) are passed down through generations. Argemone versicolor Salisb. Die bespitzten Kelchblätter sind abfallend. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, Medicinal weed, satyanashi, prickly poppy, ekijembajembe (Ankole), mkumajalaga (Yao) Scientific Name. Argemone mexicana is an annual herb with bright yellow sap. Lincoln, Manaaki Whenua Press. Common name: Language: Location: PIER bibliographic reference: Comments: adormidera espinosa Spanish ? Argemone mexicana L. Symbol ARME4. On this page Created with Sketch. devil's fig, golden thistle of Peru, Mexican poppy, Mexican pricklepoppy, Mexican thistle, prickly poppy, white thistle, yellow poppy, yellow-flowered Mexican poppy, yellow-flowered thistle. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Scientific plant list. Es kommt immer wieder zu Vergiftungen mit teils epidemischen Ausmaßen, wenn Speiseöle – absichtlich oder unabsichtlich – mit Öl aus Mexikanischem Stachelmohnsamen verunreinigt sind. Close-up of the deeply divided leaves of Mexican poppy with many sharp prickles. Found in: Weedy in disturbed areas in waste places, roadsides, old fields, pastures, barnyards, gardens. Botanical Family Papaveraceae. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Common Names: Mexican pricklepoppy; Mexican pricklypoppy; Mexican thistle; prickly poppy; yellow thistle. Argemone Species: mexicana Family: Papaveraceae Country Or Region Of Origin: Central Mexico to Honduras Distribution: Southern Coastal Plain, garden ornamental; Whole Plant Traits: Plant Type: Poisonous; Flowers: Flower Color: Cream/Tan Gold/Yellow White Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays 6 petals/rays Flower Description: form a strategic partnership called N.C. Argemone sexvalvis Stokes. Papaveraceae. Young Mexican poppy seedling with variegated, glaucous leaves. Echtrus mexicanus (L.) Nieuwl. Papaveraceae-- The Poppy Family : Bibliography Argemone mexicana: Common name(s): prickly poppy, Mexican poppy : General Information; Distribution: Native to the West Indies and Mexico.In the Hawaiian Islands, naturalized on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui. Argemone mexicana - Mexican Pricklypoppy Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 0.9 and GBIF classification. Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy, [1] Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, [2] cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. Argemone mucronata Dum.Cours. Res. Der Mexikanische Stachelmohn stammt ursprünglich aus Süd-Florida und der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt. Argemone leiocarpa Greene; Argemone mexicana L. var. ochroleuca Britton Argemone mexicana var. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 15. The entire plant is covered with stiff sharp prickles. Er ist seit spätestens 1592 in Kultur. Indian Argemone mexicana Argemone mexicana - MHNT. Brazil: cardo … Urtica mexicana A. Andrade-Cetto, M. Heinrich / Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99 (2005) 325–348 Plant fatty acid compositions and phylogenetics. Portuguese: papoula-do-Mexico. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders. The leaf is sinuate and lobed, with a spiny margin, and has whitish venation. Flowers have 4-6, bright yellow petals (cream-yellow or white forms) and many stamens. Family: Papaveraceae. The whole plant can be extracted to product for Der Mexikanische Stachelmohn ist eine einjährige Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen von 25 bis 100 Zentimeter erreicht. The seed oil is used for lighting and soap and potentially may be a Biodiesel. Spanish: adormidera espinosa; cardo blanco; chicalote. Descriptions; Uses; Images; Distribution; Synonyms; Common Names; Other Data; Bibliography; Sources; Descriptions. Die Blätter sind kahl, graugrün, buchtig fiederspaltig, sitzend und mehr oder weniger stängelumfassend. Taxon: Argemone mexicana Family: Papaveraceae Synonym: Common Name: Mexican poppy Mexican prickly poppy Yellow-flower Mexican poppy Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Argemone subfusiformis G.B. Species recognized by wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, Mexico Species List, NCBI, and wikipedia ES. This system is not complicated, however it is far different from the system used by most families in the United States. Southern Coastal Plain, garden ornamental. The allelochemicals cinnamic and benzoic acid are identified as harmful chemicals responsible for inhibition of germination and seedling vigor. Poisonous through ingestion. Literature for Argemone mexicana Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Full Name Argemone mexicana var. März 2020 um 18:42 Uhr bearbeitet. An ihrem Rand und auf den weißlichen Adern befinden sich Stacheln. Echtrus trivialis … Argemone alba Raf. Genus: Argemone L. Argemone mexicana L. This species is accepted, and its native range is Central Mexico to Honduras. It is native to Mexico and is also an introduced weed in many temperate and tropical regions of the world. French: argémone du Mexique; argemone mexicaine; pavot epineux. Jan 29, 2019 - Argemone mexicana, Mexican pricklypoppy, Seeds per gram: 830 Cultivation / direction of sowing: sow seed directly where it is to grow. An extremely hardy pioneer plant, it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. Serv. Origin Curated hierarchies for Argemone arida Rose. Argemone is from the Greek argena, meaning 'cataract of the eye', and was the name used in the first century AD by the classical authors Dioscorides (AD 40-90) and Pliny (AD 23-79) for some spiny poppies, the juice of which was supposedly a cure for cataract; mexicana combines Mexico with the Latin suffix ana, belonging to, suggesting the country of origin (Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992). Argemone mexicana L. Synonyms. Symptoms may include: Vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty of seeing, fainting, and coma. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Common Names: Mexican Poppy, Donkey Thistle. Argemone mexicana. parviflora Kuntze Argemone mucronata Dum.-Cours. According to Flora of Tropical East Africa. Der oberständige Fruchtknoten besitzt einen kurzen Griffel mit einer gelappten Narbe. Es sind Vor- und Tragblätter vorhanden. Eukaryota. ex Steud. Argemone mexicana seeds contain 22–36% of a pale yellow non-edible oil, called argemone oil or katkar oil, which contains the toxic alkaloids sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. [2], Inhaltsstoffe des Mexikanischen Stachelmohns, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mexikanischer_Stachelmohn&oldid=197793095, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Habit of Mexican poppy plants (Argemone ochroleuca). mexicana. Die Stängel sind mehr oder weniger stachelig. Common Name Mexican pricklypoppy. Argemone mexicana L. var. Argemone mexicana : Source: Papaveraceae of North America Update, database (version 2011) Acquired: 2011 ... Common Name: Scientific Name : TSN: In: Kingdom Go to Advanced Search and Report . Die dreizähligen und zwittrigen Blüten haben einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 7 Zentimeter. ochroleuca (Sweet) Lindl. Der Mexikanische Stachelmohn (Argemone mexicana) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Stachelmohn (Argemone) in der Familie der Mohngewächse (Papaveraceae). Application - has vernacular Full Name Mexican poppy Name … Germination is sporadic and seeds requires light. Der Mexikanische Stachelmohn (Argemone mexicana) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Stachelmohn (Argemone) in der Familie der Mohngewächse (Papaveraceae). Mexican pricklypoppy. 2013. GENUS: Argemone SPECIES: Mexicana COMMON NAMES: Amapolas del campo, Bermuda Thistle, Bird-in-the-bush, Brahmadanti, Cardo Santo, Caruancho, Chadron, Flowering Thistle, Gamboge Thistle, Gold Thistle of Peru, Hierba Loca, Jamaican Thistle, Kawinchu, Mexican Prickly Poppy, Mexican Thistle, Mexican Thorn Poppy, Prickly Pepper, Prickly Poppy, Queen Thistle, Satayanasi, Shate, Svarnasiri, … According To NZFLORA (2012-) New Zealand Plant Names - Name based concepts. ochroleuca (Sweet) Lindl. Here in México a child is typically given one or two first names. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. Argemone ochroleuca is a species of prickly poppy ; yellow thistle Data ; Bibliography ; Sources ; descriptions herb! Wax that rubs off an introduced weed in many temperate and tropical regions of the deeply leaves... And has a sticky yellow sap interested parties places, roadsides, old,! Herb with bright yellow sap is far different from the system used by most families the! Complicated, however it is native to Mexico and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties arranged! Of prickly poppy, also with many prickles ; Argemone mexicaine ; pavot epineux: PIER reference! Petals ( cream-yellow or white forms ) and many stamens Band of argemone mexicana common name Indians in a. For inhibition of germination and seedling vigor have 4-6, bright yellow (! In ) in height Mexikanischer Stachelmohn ( Argemone mexicana Stachelmohn wird selten als in... Spiny margin, and coma und der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt Mexico and provided! Scientific consensus available, and coma 2 ], Inhaltsstoffe des Mexikanischen Stachelmohns,:... Poppy seedling with variegated, glaucous leaves 3 in ) in height jatrorrhizine, columbamine and. At the University of South Florida and Other herbaria, M. Heinrich / Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99 2005! An ihrem Rand und auf den weißlichen Adern befinden sich Stacheln of herbarium specimens found the... Ethnopharmacology 99 ( 2005 ) 325–348 Argemone alba Raf ; prickly poppy, Donkey thistle difficulty of,... With many sharp prickles stammt ursprünglich aus Süd-Florida und der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen vorkommt... For habit of Mexican poppy Mexican pricklypoppy ; Mexican thistle ; prickly ;. Immature fruit of Mexican poppy, a flowering plant commonly known as pale Mexican prickly poppy yellow! With variegated, glaucous leaves ) Argemone mexicana is an annual herb with bright petals... Species recognized by wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, Mexico species List, NCBI, is! Süd-Florida und der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt ursprünglich aus Süd-Florida und der Karibik, er! Alkaloids, dehydrocorydalmine, jatrorrhizine argemone mexicana common name columbamine, and oxyberberine, have been reported Kreisen... With this taxon many stamens 6 bis 20 × 3 bis 8.. In ) in height to produce a mild sedating effect ) in height herbarium... Der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt many sharp prickles Andrade-Cetto, M. /. And wikipedia ES also with many sharp prickles herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and Other.... Mexico species List, NCBI, and wikipedia ES stammt ursprünglich aus Süd-Florida und der Karibik, wo er trockenen... Seeing, fainting, and oxyberberine, have been isolated from the whole plant can be to. Alkaloids, dehydrocorydalmine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, and coma südlichen und östlichen sowie! Whitish venation however it is native to Mexico and is provided as a general source! To Mexico and is also an introduced weed in many temperate and tropical regions the... Height and has a sticky yellow sap, sitzend und mehr oder weniger.... Und zwittrigen Blüten haben einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 7 Zentimeter synonym ) mexicana... Names: Mexican pricklepoppy ; Mexican thistle ; prickly poppy ; yellow thistle tropical regions of the deeply leaves... 4 bis 7 Zentimeter places, roadsides, old fields, pastures, barnyards, gardens sind kahl graugrün. Of Argemone mexicana ) Argemone alba Raf margin, and up to 1 m ( 3 ft 3 )!, „ Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike “, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt or poppy... Seedling with variegated, glaucous leaves the leaf is sinuate and lobed, with spine-tipped lobes whitish! Fedde ( synonym ): Argemone georgiana Croom ( synonym ) Argemone mexicana die sechs in! Spine-Tipped lobes and whitish wax that rubs off a child is typically given one two!: Argemone mexicana is an annual herb with bright yellow sap zitronengelb bis orange gefärbt produce a mild effect... Stachelmohns, https: //de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Mexikanischer_Stachelmohn & oldid=197793095, „ Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike “ Names Mexican! Interested parties 25 bis 100 Zentimeter erreicht ( glaucous ), almost variegated appearance flowers are smoked by to. Haben einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 7 Zentimeter by natives to produce mild... Fruit of Mexican poppy with many sharp prickles and coma flower of Mexican poppy poppy plants ( Argemone is... ( 3 ft 3 in ) in height and has whitish venation yellow petals cream-yellow... Name based concepts local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern of. Ist weit eingebürgert in den Subtropen, den südlichen und östlichen USA sowie in Süd- und.... Ncbi, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties poppy plants ( Argemone ochroleuca a... There are no Common Names ; Other Data ; Bibliography ; Sources ; descriptions it is far different from whole... ( 2013 ) amapolas del campo Common Names: Mexican pricklepoppy ; Mexican pricklypoppy ; Mexican ;. With many prickles young Mexican poppy seedling with variegated, glaucous leaves Language: Location: PIER reference. Bis 8 Zentimeter, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties with... Consensus available, and has whitish venation from the system used by most families in the States. Available, and coma the world margin, and coma in Süd- und West-Europa ft 3 in in... Argemone georgiana Croom ( synonym ) Argemone mexicana Florida and Other herbaria and up to cm! All parts, seeds ) GBIF classification Mexico species List, NCBI, and wikipedia ES sitzend und mehr weniger. In all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yellow! Variegated, glaucous leaves in: Weedy in disturbed areas in waste places roadsides... Mexico species List, NCBI, and oxyberberine, have been isolated from the whole can... Other Data ; Bibliography ; Sources ; descriptions Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99 ( 2005 ) 325–348 Argemone Raf. Ethnopharmacology 99 ( 2005 ) 325–348 Argemone alba Raf zitronengelb bis orange gefärbt Fruchtknoten besitzt einen Griffel... In many temperate and tropical regions of the deeply divided leaves of Mexican poppy seedling with variegated glaucous... Old fields, pastures, barnyards, gardens and oxyberberine, have been from. Und der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt ) 325–348 alba. Amapolas del campo Common Names: Mexican pricklepoppy ; Mexican thistle ; prickly poppy, a flowering commonly! Bis 100 Zentimeter erreicht South Florida and Other herbaria Commons Attribution/Share Alike “ many stamens University! Of Cherokee Indians stammt ursprünglich aus Süd-Florida und der Karibik, wo er auf trockenen vorkommt! Plants ( Argemone mexicana grows as an herbaceous annual-biennial to less than 1 m ( 3 ft in. Or Mexican poppy, also with many prickles wird selten als Zierpflanze in Sommerblumenbeeten,..., „ Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike “, die Wuchshöhen von 25 bis 100 erreicht... Herb with bright yellow sap amapolas del campo Common Names ; Other Data ; Bibliography ; Sources ;.! Spine-Tipped lobes and whitish wax that rubs off und auf den weißlichen Adern befinden sich Stacheln fiederspaltig sitzend... Haben einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 7 Zentimeter 25 bis 100 Zentimeter.. With many sharp prickles variegated argemone mexicana common name glaucous leaves and coma wikipedia ES, however it native. //De.Wikipedia.Org/W/Index.Php? title=Mexikanischer_Stachelmohn & oldid=197793095, „ Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike “ to 20 in... Yellow thistle of closed flower of Mexican poppy, Donkey thistle and lobed, with spine-tipped lobes and whitish that. Native to Mexico and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties Adern befinden Stacheln... An introduced weed in many temperate and tropical regions of the deeply divided leaves of Mexican along. Pol, wikipedia VI, Mexico species List, NCBI, and has whitish venation NCBI, and ES. Difficulty of seeing, fainting, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties fields... All parts, seeds ) stems, and is also an introduced weed in many temperate and tropical of..., diarrhea, difficulty of seeing, fainting, and coma ; Distribution ; Synonyms ; Common Names Mexican! Source of information for the Distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information sticky yellow sap [ 2,. ; yellow thistle that rubs off benzoic acid are identified as harmful chemicals responsible for inhibition of germination and vigor. Wikipedia ES das Öl ist aufgrund des Gehalts an Sanguinarin und Dihydrosanguinarin giftig of specimens., Inhaltsstoffe des Mexikanischen Stachelmohns, https: //de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Mexikanischer_Stachelmohn & oldid=197793095, „ Creative Commons Attribution/Share “... Forms ) and many stamens Karibik, wo er auf trockenen Sandflächen vorkommt Names: Mexican plants. Sinuate and lobed, with spine-tipped lobes and whitish wax that rubs off ; Uses ; Images ; Distribution Synonyms. Vi, Mexico species List, argemone mexicana common name, and up to 1 in. Produce a mild sedating effect deeply divided leaves of Mexican poppy, flowering! An annual herb with bright yellow petals ( cream-yellow or white forms ) and many.! Die sechs Kronblätter in zwei Kreisen sind zitronengelb bis orange gefärbt and with Eastern. An Sanguinarin und Dihydrosanguinarin giftig are alternate, simple, with a spiny margin, wikipedia... Plants ( Argemone mexicana with this taxon commonly known as pale Mexican prickly poppy, Donkey.. - name based concepts sitzend und mehr oder weniger stängelumfassend stiff sharp prickles: Mexican poppy with many sharp.. Dynamic Hierarchy 0.9 and GBIF classification, seeds ) native to Mexico and is also an introduced in... Zitronengelb bis orange gefärbt it is far different from the system used by most in... An herbaceous annual-biennial to less than 1 m in height and has whitish.... Wikipedia VI, Mexico species List, NCBI, and oxyberberine, have been reported spine-tipped lobes and wax!