Fuel injected engines use a pump and a fuel distribution system to inject fuel directly into the induction system through a set of fuel injectors. Modern engine management for your aircraft engine. 1-877-4-SPRUCE | info@aircraftspruce.com Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co. Corona, CA | Chicago, IL Wasilla, AK | Peachtree City, GA Brantford, ON Canada Aircraft Fuel Injection/ EFI EFI in the Experimental aircraft world is becoming the new "normal" today. The fuel-injection system has many advantages over a conventional carburetor system. [Figure 3] This pressure differential is referred to as the “air metering force.” This force is accomplished by channeling the impact and venturi suction pressures to opposite sides of a diaphragm. The fuel pump is a positive-displacement, rotary-vane type with a splined shaft for connection to the accessory drive system of the engine. Here, vapor is separated by a swirling motion so that only liquid fuel is delivered to the pump. [Figure 2] As a result, the diaphragm moves to the left, opening the ball valve. By arranging a calibrated orifice and relief valve in this path, the pump delivery pressure is also maintained in proportion to engine speed. At idle, the opening required is very small; the fuel for the individual cylinders is divided at idle by the flow divider. They are described to provide an understanding of the operating principles involved. This servo contributed to the accident. The electronic fuel injection system activated by the FLYGAS PATENTED KIT stands as a parallel unit to the carburetor. Most airplanes also have an electric fuel boost pump, which provides fuel pressure for starting and as an emergency backup. As a designer, manufacturer and overhauler of carburetors and fuel injection systems, we can meet your most demanding requirements. Over time, the water and anti-ice additives can become a corrosive gel, that has adverse effects on the aircraft. Some fuel injectors are equipped with an automatic mixture control unit. 918-835-9924 Phone In pa For this reason, starting procedures for fuel injected engines vary a … Ignoring the effect of altitude or ambient air conditions, the use of a positive-displacement, engine-driven pump means that changes in engine speed affect total pump flow proportionally. This gauge is connected to the flow divider and senses the pressure being applied to the discharge nozzle. Metered fuel from the servo travels to the fuel flow divider and then out to the fuel injectors. Stop “fueling” around with those other guys, get a quality Fuel System from Aircraft Accessories of Oklahoma! Some high-performance models feature fuel injection systems instead. In addition to 15 years of reliable and predictable service as an FAA and EASA approved repair station, Quality Aircraft Accessories also carries a large selection of Precision Airmotive products in new and overhauled condition. Nozzles are calibrated in several ranges, and all nozzles furnished for one engine are of the same range and are identified by a letter stamped on the hex of the nozzle body. Aviation Fuel Additive Injection. View Silver Hawk EX. Metered fuel from the servo travels to the fuel flow divider and then out to the fuel injectors. Each aircraft fuel system must store and deliver clean fuel to the engine(s) at a pressure and flow rate. The fuel distribution system to the individual cylinders is obtained by the use of a fuel flow divider and air bleed nozzles. We also overhaul Bendix fuel injection, Romec pumps and flow dividers. Cutaway view of airflow measuring section. The valve is drilled for passage of fuel from the diaphragm chamber to its base, and a ball valve is installed within the valve. Part total time: 2350.0 hours Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain In the fuel injected engine, the fuel and air do not mix until they reach the cylinder. The ball valve attached to the fuel diaphragm controls the orifice opening and fuel flow through the forces placed on it. Fuel enters at the swirl well of the vapor separator. The alignment of the mixture control valve with this passage determines the amount of fuel returned to the fuel pump. [Figure 10] The system consists of a fuel injector pump, a control unit, a fuel manifold, and a fuel discharge nozzle. Manufactured for experimental aircraft, the Silver Hawk EX kit provides aircraft with precise, dependable, and reliable fuel metering. [Figure 16] The lower end is used as a chamber for fuel/air mixing before the spray leaves the nozzle. The regulator section consists of a fuel diaphragm that opposes the air metering force. The alternative is a fuel injection system. [Figure 11] A spring-loaded, diaphragm-type relief valve is provided. 1. Fuel pressure provides the force for moving the diaphragm. The function of the fuel/air control assembly is to control engine air intake and to set the metered fuel pressure for proper fuel/air ratio. A backup electrical pump often is required, which means additional weight, current draw and associated wiring. Referring to the diagram in Figure 7, metered fuel pressure enters the flow divider through a channel that permits fuel to pass through the inside diameter of the flow divider needle. Welcome to AVStar - the 21st century source for general aviation fuel systems. The fuel-injection system has many advantages over a conventional carburetor system. During post-accident inspection, a brass plug on the fuel injector servo (model RSA-5AD1, p/n 2524297-10, s/n 55603) was found popped out of the fuel injector servo with its safety wire still attached. EFII stands for “electronic fuel injection and ignition”. Quality Aircraft Accessories is an authorized distributor for all RSA Fuel Injection Servos, Flow Dividers and nozzles. This pressure is in direct proportion to the fuel flow and indicates the engine power output and fuel consumption. A fuel-injection system uses an engine-driven pump to push fuel through a metering system, which then flows through an injector line to each cylinder. [Figure 14] This rotary valve has a cam-shaped edge on the outer part of the end face. We overhaul, exchange, repair, and bench check aircraft fuel injection … This results in a change in the air velocity in the venturi. A sectional view of a fuel-injection pump is shown in Figure 12. All Diesel engines use fuel injection, and many Otto engines use fuel injection of one kind or another. We operate under the Authority of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and hold Authority No:1-01JUH. Fuel injection was always on diesel engines that used a fuel that evaporates only at the high temperature reached by the air compressed in the cylinder. ... Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI), CAN based sensors and actuators (ESCs and Servos), generators and power conditioning electronics. Fuel injected engines often have an electric fuel pump as a backup, to ensure fuel can be pushed through the metering system even if the engine driven pump fails. Image does not depict any particular model – for reference only. Fuel under pressure from the pump enters the aircraft fuel servo which meters the fuel pressure and flow. Fuel injected engines are not difficult to start when the air temperature is hot, but they can be cantankerous when the engine itself is hot from being recently used. The fuel discharge nozzles are of the air bleed configuration. Movement of the throttle valve causes a change in engine air consumption. The difference between these two pressures becomes a usable force that is equal to the area of the diaphragm times the pressure difference. The fickle winds of fate intervened in 1991 when Kenny Tunnell, well-known high-performance aircraft engine builder and owner of Ly-Con Aircraft Engines in Visalia, California, told his client, Sean D. Tucker, that he wanted to put a new fuel injection system on the engine of Tuckers airshow airplane. Fuel under pressure from the pump enters the aircraft fuel servo which meters the fuel pressure and flow. The Bendix inline stem-type regulator injection system (RSA) series consists of an injector, flow divider, and fuel discharge nozzle. The Silver Hawk EX®, non-certified fuel injection system is proven technology drawn from decades of fuel metering engineering by Precision Airmotive® LLC. Leading manufacturer of experimental aircraft fuel injection. The Continental fuel-injection system injects fuel into the intake valve port in each cylinder head. The home of GAMIjectors® fuel injectors! - Aircraft Fuel Injection Services was formed in 2011 to service the Aviation Community. 4) Remove the top cowling and connect calibrated gauges to the fuel injection system. The normal problem is that the fuel in the injector and fuel lines vaporizes and won’t flow from the tank to the engine. When the valve is down against the lapped seat in the body, the fuel lines to the cylinders are closed off. The fuel metering section is attached to the air metering section and contains an inlet fuel strainer, a manual mixture control valve, an idle valve, and the main metering jet. An FAA 8130-3 airworthiness certificate is available upon request. However in some aircraft, the electric backup pump doesn't provide enough pressure on its own to keep the engine running. Aircraft Accessories of Oklahoma handles Aircraft Fuel Injection from the following manufacturers: Authorized Precision Airmotive Distributor. The vapor is drawn from the top center of the swirl well by a small pressure jet of fuel and is directed into the vapor return line. The fuel discharge nozzle is located in the cylinder head with its outlet directed into the intake port. This reduces the overheating of individual cylinders often caused by variation in mixture due to uneven distribution. 2740 N. Sheridan Rd. For many years, pilots and mechanics with a good understanding of the operation of internal combustion engines have known that the fuel/air distribution in our aircraft piston engines has been less than optimal. Fuel enters the control unit through a strainer and passes to the metering valve. Contributing to this force is the impact pressure that is picked up by the impact tubes. The distance the ball valve opens is determined by the difference between the pressures acting on the diaphragms. The nozzle body contains a drilled central passage with a counterbore at each end. By connecting the metering valve to the air throttle, the fuel flow is properly proportioned to airflow for the correct fuel/ air ratio. The fuel-injection system also gives better fuel economy than a system in which the mixture to most cylinders must be richer than necessary so that the cylinder with the leanest mixture operates properly. It is a continuous-flow type, which controls fuel flow to match engine airflow. We also carry Factory Reman units. There is less danger of induction system icing, since the drop in temperature due to fuel vaporization takes place in or near the cylinder. The Silver Hawk EX® non-certified fuel injection system is proven technology drawn from decades of fuel metering engineering by Precision Airmotive®. The metered fuel is delivered from the fuel control unit to a pressurized flow divider. 918-835-3681 FAX So far, both the systems we have reviewed have engines with carburetors, but not every single engine GA aircraft uses a carbureted engine. 5) Bleed air from the hoses connected to the gauge cluster and check for leaks in connections. The differential pressure across the fuel diaphragm is called the fuel metering force. When airflow through the engine increases, the pressure on the left of the diaphragm is lowered due to the drop in pressure at the venturi throat. Aircraft Reciprocating Engine Fuel Injection Systems. Stand alone, programmable fuel injection for automotive and non-certified aircraft applications. Engines modified with turbo superchargers must use shrouded nozzles. We have about any aircraft fuel injection … The continuous-flow system permits the use of a rotary vane pump which does not require timing to the engine. These provisions assure proper pump pressure and fuel delivery for all engine operating speeds. All incoming fuel must pass through a fine screen installed in the diaphragm chamber. In some injector models, a power enrichment jet is also located in this section. Stock all types of Lycoming fuel system parts and accessories such as fuel nozzles, electric pumps, brackets, spacers etc. At idle speed, the fuel pressure from the regulator must build up to overcome the spring force applied to the diaphragm and valve assembly. CE370 – Type E Pump Advisory Notice. Each stainless steel rotary valve includes a groove which forms a fuel chamber. With conventional GA fuel injection systems the alternate air is protection against air inlet blockage. For the first time you can have a double fuel injection system electronic fuel injection and carburetor, so will be possible to change in each time, from one system to the other. Its central bore contains a metering valve at one end and a mixture control valve at the other end. Mass-produced Diesel engines for passenger cars became available in the late 1930s and early 1940s, being the first fuel injected engines for passenger car use. This unit keeps metered fuel under pressure, divides fuel to the various cylinders at all engine speeds, and shuts off the individual nozzle lines when the control is placed in idle cutoff. Each nozzle incorporates a calibrated jet. A constant-head idle spring is incorporated to provide a constant fuel differential pressure. Fuel injection has largely replaced carburation in the automotive industry but not so in the engines of light piston aircraft. This most often is airframe ice that covers the air filter but would include anything that blocks the normal air inlet. Both idle speed and idle mixture may be adjusted externally to meet individual engine requirements. Fuel Metering Devices for Reciprocating Engines. Introduction to aircraft fuel injection, which is part of the Aircraft, Engines and Systems section in the pilottraining.ca online ground school. Aviation Fuel Grades: Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, Aviation Fuel Color-Coding System; Aviation gasoline (AVGAS) is identified by an octane or performance number (grade), which designates the antiknock value or knock resistance of the fuel mixture in the engine cylinder [Figure 4]The higher the grade of gasoline, the more pressure the fuel can withstand without detonating Before entering the individual intake valve chambers, the fuel is mixed with air to aid in atomizing the fuel. A shield is press-fitted on the nozzle body and extends over the greater part of the filter screen, leaving an opening near the bottom. Suitable for street and track use. We overhaul, exchange, repair, and bench check aircraft fuel injection systems. Fuel Injection System. The spring-loaded alternate door will be sucked in by intake vacuum or they may be opened manually. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and rotary piston engines. These pressures are vented to the two sides of an air diaphragm. Fuel injection such as the Precision Airmotive (Bendix) system found on most Lycoming engines requires an engine-driven pump that puts out about 25 psi or more and an electric auxiliary pump with similar pressure output. This provides both mechanical protection and an abrupt change in the direction of airflow which keeps dirt and foreign material out of the nozzle interior. The position of the cam at the fuel delivery port controls the fuel passed to the manifold valve and the nozzles. Under low power settings, the difference in pressure created by the venturi is insufficient to accomplish consistent regulation of the fuel. The purpose of the fuel metering section is to meter and control the fuel flow to the flow divider. These holes enter the counterbore above the orifice and draw air through a cylindrical screen fitted over the nozzle body. This feature also suppresses vapor formation under high ambient temperatures of the fuel, and permits use of the auxiliary pump as a source of fuel pressure in the event of engine-driven pump failure. Power4Flight is the world leader in small (30Hp and under) engine technology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The fuel pump feeds one of the most important parts of the fuel injection system: the throttle and fuel servo or metering valve. As fuel flow through the regulator is increased above idle requirements, fuel pressure builds up in the nozzle lines. Since fuel injection systems shoot fuel directly into the cylinders, they are easier to flood (too much fuel) when starting. We are currently concentrating our efforts on four and six cylinder Lycoming engines and large bore Continental engines (520 and 550). Having regular access to an Aviation Fuel Additive Injection system fuel system ensure and prolong the life of the aircraft, without the need for costly repairs. Basic components of distributorless EM-5 4F system shown with billet coil pack New white on blue LCD programmers shipping June 2020 The aircraft was a total loss. Drilled radial holes connect the upper counterbore with the outside of the nozzle body. There is one nozzle for each cylinder located in the cylinder head. This difference in pressure is proportional to the airflow through the injector. The jet size is determined by the available fuel inlet pressure and the maximum fuel flow required by the engine. The fuel pressure shown on the ball side of the fuel diaphragm is the pressure after the fuel has passed through the fuel strainer and the manual mixture control rotary plate and is referred to as metered fuel pressure. While some people cling to 100 year old technology such as carbs, mechanical injection and magnetos, the fact is our aircraft EFI/EI can do the job better, with less pilot monitoring and less maintenance. This pressure fully opens the flow divider valve, and fuel distribution to the engine becomes a function of the discharge nozzles. A check valve is provided so that boost pump pressure to the system can bypass the engine-driven pump for starting. [Figure 15] The spring-loaded diaphragm operates a valve in the central bore of the body. Thus, the volume of airflow determines the rate of fuel flow. Fuel inlet pressure is applied to the opposite side of the fuel diaphragm. Lycoming EFI. [Figure 9] The nozzle outlet is directed into the intake port. The relief valve diaphragm chamber is vented to atmospheric pressure. The Bendix and Continental fuel-injection systems are discussed in this page. The airflow consumption of the engine is measured by sensing impact pressure and venturi throat pressure in the throttle body. The upper bore contains a removable orifice for calibrating the nozzles. The casting bore size is tailored to the engine size, and no venturi or other restriction is used. Fuel pressure, before the individual nozzles, is in direct proportion to fuel flow; therefore, a simple pressure gauge can be calibrated in fuel flow in gallons per hour and be employed as a flowmeter. A fuel metering section. Fuel injection system overhaul and testing services available at Victor Aviation include fuel injection servos, fuel pumps, fuel flow dividers, fuel metering units, fuel lines and fuel nozzles. From the fuel-injection control valve, fuel is delivered to the fuel manifold valve, which provides a central point for dividing fuel flow to the individual cylinders. The fuel is discharged through this jet into an ambient air pressure chamber within the nozzle assembly. Since the pump provides greater capacity than is required by the engine, a recirculation path is required. Fuel inlet pressure is applied to one side of the fuel diaphragm and metered fuel pressure is applied to the other side. The main parts of a typical fuel injection system are an engine-driven fuel pump, a fuel/air control unit (fuel servo), a fuel distributor (flow divider) with its associated fuel lines and the fuel nozzles themselves. This line carries the vapor back to the fuel tank. This moves the valve upward until fuel can pass out through the annulus of the valve to the fuel nozzle. With the addition of an updated flow-control system, our aircraft fuel systems shop repairs all types of aircraft carburetors, aircraft fuel injection components, and aircraft pumps. Explains the basics of airplane carburetors and fuel injection for pilots. The fuel system on these aircraft is a combination of the two systems we already discussed. It is a continuous-flow system which measures engine air consumption and uses airflow forces to control fuel flow to the engine. All Silver Hawk EX® Kits include: New Servo By the use of an air manifold, these nozzles are vented to the injector air inlet pressure. The air throttle assembly is an aluminum casting which contains the shaft and butterfly-valve assembly. The auxiliary pump and related filter cost about $800, not counting the rest of the fuel-injection system. [Figure 4]. Fuel injection was a well-known principle long before the First World War, as it was on the original Wright brothers' engine of 1904 and on the Antoinette aircraft engine prior to 1914. Tulsa, Oklahoma 74115 This is the component that meters the amount of fuel sent to the engine commensurate with the amount of air coming in. The System32 EFII kit is a fully redundant electronic engine management system for light aircraft engines. [Figure 5] The idle valve is connected to the throttle valve by means of an external adjustable link. [Figure 6] The manual mixture control valve produces full rich condition when the lever is against the rich stop, and a progressively leaner mixture as the lever is moved toward idle cutoff. A control level is mounted on the mixture control valve shaft and connected to the cockpit mixture control. 2) Secure the aircraft to a solid tie down using the straps provided in the kit. Aircraft Accessories of Oklahoma Aircraft Spruce supplies components for a wide variety of homebuilt aircraft and discount pilot supplies. Acceleration is also improved because of the positive action of the injection system. Precision Airmotive RSA fuel injection systems are also available outright or on an exchange basis. The fuel return port connects to the return passage of the center metering plug. EFII Lycoming electronic fuel injection and ignition. Manufactured as experimental, this Silver Hawk EX kit provides experimental aircraft with precise, dependable, and reliable fuel metering. The air throttle is mounted at the manifold inlet and its butterfly valve, positioned by the throttle control in the aircraft, controls the flow of air to the engine. [Figure 8] Since the regulator meters and delivers a fixed amount of fuel to the flow divider, the valve opens only as far as necessary to pass this amount to the nozzles. Fuel-injection systems vary in their details of construction, arrangement, and operation. The diaphragm is enclosed by a cover that retains the diaphragm loading spring. In addition, fuel injection improves fuel distribution. This allows an adequate final flow in the idle range. The fuel manifold valve contains a fuel inlet, a diaphragm chamber, and outlet ports for the lines to the individual nozzles. [Figure 13]. A fuel pressure gauge, calibrated in pounds per hour fuel flow, can be used as a fuel flow meter with the Bendix RSA injection system. A cutaway view of the airflow measuring section is shown in Figure 1. Acceleration is also improved because of the positive action of the injection system. There is less danger of induction system icing, since the drop in temperature due to fuel vaporization takes place in or near the cylinder. TCM fuel injection systems remain extremely simple in this function as well. Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. Magnetos for Robinson R22 and R44 Helicopters. Email: airacc1@airacc.com. The fuel control body is made of bronze for best bearing action with the stainless steel valves. 3) Record test conditions (field elevation, barometric pressure, temperature, etc.). 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