[28], The plant is also known as guinea squash in Southern American English. In 2018, world production of eggplants was 54 million tonnes, led by China with 63% of the total and India with 24% (table). The plant and fruit have a profusion of English names. [36] Eggplant flesh is smooth. Korean and Japanese eggplant varieties are typically thin-skinned.[37]. Polyphenols of Solanum melongena exhibit an anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Eggplant is used in the cuisines of many countries. The less common white varieties of eggplant are also known as Easter white eggplants, garden eggs, Casper or white eggplant. [56], The color of purple skin cultivars is due to the anthocyanin nasunin. depressum L. Solanum melongena var. Solanum melongena. Solanum melongena is a common vegetable contains phytochemicals which prevent, reduce or delay the oxidation of DNA and alter the cellular signal transduction pathways controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis of human cancer. Roasted, skinned, mashed, mixed with onions, tomatoes, and spices, and then slow cooked gives the South Asian dish baingan bharta or gojju, similar to salată de vinete in Romania. Solanum sp. The leaves, stems, and calyx can have small thorns.Genus name appears to come from the Latin word solamen meaning comfort, solace, or soothing in reference to the purported sedative and healing effects obtained from application of the leaves of some genus plants to cuts, wounds, inflammations or skin problems.Specific epithet refers to the melon-shaped fruit. Slim cultivars in purple-black skin include 'Little Fingers', 'Ichiban', 'Pingtung Long', and 'Tycoon', In green skin, 'Louisiana Long Green' and 'Thai (Long) Green'. Eggplant prefers hot weather, and when grown in cold climates or in areas with low humidity, the plants languish or fail to set and produce mature fruit. Mulching helps conserve moisture and prevent weeds and fungal diseases and the plants benefit from some shade during the hottest part of the day. cylindricum S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena var. [59] Yield losses in Bangladesh have been reported up to 86% and farmers rely primarily on frequent insecticide applications to reduce injury. The Indic word vātiṅ-gaṇa was then borrowed into Persian as bādingān. It can be stuffed. In a dish from Maharashtra called bharli vangi, small brinjals are stuffed with ground coconut, peanuts, onions, tamarind, jaggery and masala spices, and then cooked in oil. [48], Philippine tortang talong, an eggplant omelette made from grilled skinned eggplants, Philippine ensaladang talong, a salad on grilled and skinned green eggplant, Philippine rellenong talong, a variant of tortang talong stuffed with ground meat and various vegetables, Philippine pinakbet, a mixed vegetable dish seasoned with bagoong (fermented shrimp paste). Penne with eggplant and basil in yogurt-tomato sauce. From Arabic, the word was borrowed into European languages. Contact dermatitis from eggplant leaves[60] and allergy to eggplant flower pollen[61] have also been reported. Our results indicate the following. Scopoli's S. zeylanicum refers to the eggplant, and that of Blanco to S. The Antifungal Dm-AMP1 Protein from Dahlia merckii Expressed in Solanum melongena Is Released in Root Exudates and Differentially Affects Pathogenic Fungi and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis A. Turrini, C. Sbrana, L. Pitto, M. Ruffini Castiglione, L. Giorgetti, R. Briganti, T. Bracci, M. Evangelista, M. P. Nuti and M. Giovannetti. Veg recipes of India. The most widely cultivated varieties—cultivars—in Europe and North America today are elongated ovoid, 12–25 cm (4 1⁄2–10 in) long and 6–9 cm (2 1⁄2–3 1⁄2 in) broad with a dark purple skin. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Bicolored cultivars with striping include 'Listada de Gandia' and 'Udumalapet'. [13] Records exist from later medieval Catalan and Spanish.[14]. 7. angustum S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena var. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Eggplants are cold-sensitive and require a long warm season for best results. Plant in full sun in fertile, well-drained soil. Threat status Europe: Not evaluated (IUCN) The EUNIS species component has very limited information about this species. Eggplant or brinjal (Solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable grown throughout Asia where it is attacked by brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis). Elsewhere in China, such as in Yunnan cuisine (in particular the cuisine of the Dai people) they are barbecued or roasted, then split and either eaten directly with garlic, chilli, oil and coriander, or the flesh is removed and pounded to a mash (typically with a wooden pestle and mortar) before being eaten with rice or other dishes. The chromosomes of diploid (2x=24) and triploid (3x=36) Solanum Melongena were studied in somatic and meiotic divisions. esculentum (L.) Nees", "Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh: Too early to draw conclusions on contamination, says expert", "Korean restaurant owner cooks from the heart Andy Starnes/Post-Gazette", "All the hallmarks of world-class cuisine", "North, South, Go Pick! Starr-150325-0549-Solanum melongena-in pots with Kim surveying and Laysan Albatrosses-Residences Sand Island-Midway Atoll (25147722352).jpg 4,608 × 3,456; 5.15 MB Terong kuda.jpg 4,096 × 3,072; 3.01 MB It remains in scientific use. Semiwild types can grow much larger, to 225 cm (7 ft 5 in), with large leaves over 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) broad. Avoid these problems by planting resistant cultivars and rotating with non-solanaceous crops. A mix of roasted eggplant, roasted red peppers, chopped onions, tomatoes, mushrooms, carrots, celery, and spices is called zacuscă in Romania, and ajvar or pinjur in the Balkans. Eggplant grows 40 to 150 cm (1 ft 4 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves that are 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) broad. Eggplants belong to the nightshade family of vegetables, which also includes tomatoes, sweet peppers and potatoes. The stem is often spiny. Raw eggplant can have a bitter taste, with an astringent quality, but it becomes tender when cooked and develops a rich, complex flavor. However, since eggplants can be particularly susceptible to pests such as whiteflies, they are sometimes grown with slightly less susceptible plants, such as chili pepper, as a sacrificial trap crop. Long median and short chromosomes are distinguished at [55], The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as eggplants. Solanum melongena describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 186. Its fruit is eaten as a vegetable. An actual S. violaceum, an unrelated plant described by Ortega, included Dunal's S. amblymerum and was often confused with the same author's S. [42][43], Chinese yúxiāng-qiézi (fish-fragrance eggplants), Korean dureup-gaji-jeon (pan-fried eggplants and angelica tree shoots), In the Philippines, eggplants are of the long and slender purple variety. They are known as talong and is widely used in many stew and soup dishes, like pinakbet. A Spanish dish called escalivada in Catalonia calls for strips of roasted aubergine, sweet pepper, onion, and tomato. The name eggplant is usual in North American English and Australian English. Several other names that are now invalid have been uniquely applied to it:[63], A number of subspecies and varieties have been named, mainly by Dikii, Dunal, and (invalidly) by Sweet. Like the tomato, its skin and seeds can be eaten, but, like the potato, it is usually eaten cooked. Perhaps the best-known Turkish eggplant dishes are imam bayıldı (vegetarian) and karnıyarık (with minced meat). Oval or elongated oval-shaped and black-skinned cultivars include 'Harris Special Hibush', 'Burpee Hybrid', 'Bringal Bloom', 'Black Magic', 'Classic', 'Dusky', and 'Black Beauty'. However, ... division of var. Withania somnifera (H. Asgandh, Sanskrit – Ashwangandha): A perennial tall herb. Four years should separate successive crops of eggplants to reduce pest pressure. L. 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