What are the grades of bladder cancer? It is described as follows-T STAGING. Different staging and grading systems are used for different cancers. It describes abnormal cells in the lining of the lips or oral cavity, which have the potential to become cancer. The stage is often based on the size of the tumour, whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) from where it started to other parts of the body and where it has spread. Some types of cancer do not have a specific staging or grading system. Cancer staging and grading After determining the existence of cancer, the next step is to be familiar with four important aspects. Grading and Staging of Cancer. What does the grade of a cancer mean? The most common staging system for bladder cancer is the TNM system. Prognosis of oral cancer is predicted by using staging and grading. Staging is a way to describe how much cancer is in the body and where it is located. This is called the stage and grade. T stands for tumour: Ta, Tis and T1 are non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, while T2, T3 and T4 are muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Staging determines the tumor's size and whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. • An important part of treating a patient’s cancer is to first find out how far it has spread - or what “stage” it has reached • Staging is a system that is used to classify the extent of cancer • This information is vital to decide what treatment is appropriate There are four stages of oral cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck region. Grades are denoted by numbers 1 to 4. How is tumor grade determined? After cancer is diagnosed, healthcare provides need to learn as much as they can about it. Grading describes how quickly the cancer may grow and spread. Each type of cancer, based on location in the body, has its own staging system. Your doctors will look at the cancer cells under a microscope to find the grade of the cancer. TNM staging is the staging system used for oral cavity cancer. Generally, the higher the stage number, the more the cancer has spread. Staging will help your doctor to plan the best treatment for you. Stages of cancer In situ cancer Early cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane of tissue in which it developed. OSCC has a relatively low survival rate and the incidence of the disease is increasing in some geographic areas. The TNM system is the most widely used cancer staging system. The grade of a cancer – this is about what the cancer cells look like compared to normal cells. Staging of definitive resections for carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and minor salivary gland carcinoma) of the oral cavity should use this system (AJCC: Cancer Staging [Accessed 21 September 2018], CAP: Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Cancers of the Lip and Oral Cavity [Accessed 29 December 2020]) Oral cavity carcinoma staging refers to TNM staging of carcinomas involving the oral cavity.The vast majority of applicable cases are squamous cell carcinomas, but other epithelial and minor salivary gland cancers are also included. The grade is usually assigned a number, with lower numbers (for example, G1) used for lower grade cancers. T1 – The primary tumor is
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